Student Research: Early Trade Networks

Latin America is one of those areas of the world that I have encountered multiple times throughout my life, but have never understood well. As a history major, my focus has mainly been in areas across the Atlantic. I feel that, by taking this course, I will gain a more well-rounded understanding of the Americas, especially Central and South America. For my research project, I am interested in trade networks and how different societies managed diplomatic relations over land, across the Carribean, and with Europeans.

Some questions I might ask are: was there a specific society, like the Aztecs, Mayans, Incas etc., who dominated trade and commerce? If so, how did they do so? When and for how long? These are all preliminary questions, but they could be questions I ask in the final project. I might also delve into the ways Europeans began trading with the indigenous populations and how trade or gift-giving became a way to spark dialogue. Was it a prejudiced system meant to take advantage of the indigenous people? Or were there some instances where Europeans were just interested in learning about foreign societies outside of a colonial context?

Colonial Latin America 2019: Gaining Insights in Theatrical Traditions

As a Theatre major in a research-oriented program and with a plan to pursue directing, I am interested in learning not only the historical facts behind many of what we call “conquest narratives” in Latin American theatrical traditions, but the impact that colonialism has/had on the spread of Latin American cultural traditions in performance. I think that the concept of “high art” versus “low art” are informed by who the supposed winners and losers of history were. This in and of itself is important when considering the study of these performance traditions.

I will be the first to admit fault in the performing arts and arts academia in being Eurocentrically aligned. If you still don’t believe me, tell me why you probably can’t name any plays written by not only Latine people, but people of color beyond the tokens that are included in the curriculum, forced by the rise of exceptional liberalism in education? I’ll wait. My goal is to focus on historical research in addressing the misrepresentations of “low art” (sometimes lovingly called, “folk art” by well-meaning white people) and realigning the theatrical narrative to refocus on a transcultural Theatre. This, in turn, should inform creators and practitioners to create more meaningful, historically accurate content that speaks to more than just wealthy white folk.

Blog Post #1: What I’d Like to Learn

Latin America holds a wide variety of history that I have not yet learned or been exposed to. I am excited to immerse myself in a new culture and land that I have not yet previously explored. I would like to learn about the development of the many urban centers of the region. I have heard that most of the citizens live in urban centers and I am interested to learn how this occurred. I am looking to redefine the way I look at colonialism as well. I have always approached colonialism as occurring in the United States only. My past history courses have always defined Colonialism as Europeans coming to the United States and hardly, if ever, mentioned Latin America. I am excited to change and broaden my understanding of the topic as it pertains to a different country and culture!

I would also like to learn about women in Colonial Latin America and how their lives were shaped and impacted from the start of sailing over from Europe to the development of the society. I would like to learn how women were treated; if they were seen as equal in any sense of the word or if they had to be submissive to men. I wonder about the roles of women, in Latin American society, were. I also would like to learn about the development of the government system(s) used throughout Latin America. I wonder what influenced government formation and if they are structurally sound governments.

Blog Post #1: What I’d Like to Learn

One of the major areas of Colonial Latin American History that I am interested in, and would like to learn more about throughout this semester is race relations. For example, I’m interested in learning about the history of how different areas navigated biracial children, and how racial hierarchies differed across regions.  I am also interested in learning about how racial hierarchies that were developed during the Colonial Era have affected modern race relations throughout Latin America. Specifically, I’d like to explore how slavery as an institution in Latin America created a hierarchy different from that of the institution of slavery in North America.

Along these same lines, I am particularly interested in learning about the Haitian Revolution. Although this Revolution was the first successful anti-slavery and anti-colonial revolution in the world, I know very little about it. I’m interested in learning about the precipitating factors, but also about how this Revolution shaped Hispaniola, particularly in regard to race relations on the island. While I know some about El Corte in the 1900s from previous courses, I’m interested in learning about how and if its roots can traced back to racial tensions that developed following the Haitian Revolution.

Holt Office Hours Fall 2019

I’m writing to update my office hours for fall 2019.

I hold office hours:

  • Tuesdays from 10:00-11:00
  • Wednesdays from 3:30-4:30
  • Fridays from 10:00-11:00
  • Other times by appointment

Come by and see me with questions about assignments, advice as you plan your OCS in Latin America, or to find out more about majoring in History or Global  & International Studies!

I give priority to students who book appointments with www.katieholt.youcanbook.me  but “office hours” mean you can just drop by at these set times and talk with me if I’m not busy with another student.  My office is in Kauke 119.  Talk to you soon!

Class Notes, 8/28/19

1. The relationship between religion and scholarship, as well as the tensions between European views of the world and the views of the peoples that they encountered in the New World, were the primary topics of today’s class. These concepts were key elements in the first chapter of Anthony Grafton’s New Worlds, Ancient Texts: The Power of Tradition and the Shock of Discovery. The class identified Grafton’s argument within his analysis of intellectual history; namely, that medieval and Renaissance maps, literature, and geographies were Eurocentric, static, and misinformed, leading Europeans to be startled by their encounters and experiences in the New World (Grafton 13). Although several students found the reading to be quite complex, “A Bound World” sparked a fascinating discussion that led us to ask significant questions about European perspectives and the symbolism in images.

To understand the ideas within Grafton’s book, the class then analyzed several different images from medieval and Renaissance works: woodcuts from scholarly texts such as Gregor Reisch’s Margarita philosophica along with maps by Schedel, Bede, and others (Grafton 15, 17, 20, 22). Many of the images — such as the title page of Reisch’s Margarita philosophica, which shows the church fathers gazing down at the liberal arts and philosophy with appreciation (Grafton 15) — reflected the ways in which religion was intertwined with learning and knowledge in the fifteenth century. Furthermore, the images demonstrate how Europeans had a limited understanding of the world, especially in terms of the Earth’s geography.

2. One passage that we referenced in class is on page 16 of Grafton’s New Worlds, Ancient Texts: “A personified Grammar brandishes an alphabet in one hand and a key in the other. With this she opens the gate to a castle of knowledge, in which the disciplines and the higher faculty of theology passively await discovery by the student.” This relates to our class discussion about the close relationship between the liberal arts and religion. Both the passage and the image it refers to emphasize how religion was considered to be extremely important, even more so than other subjects. It influenced the way in which Europeans perceived the world, affecting how they understood geography and humanity’s origins.

3. Key terms–

      • Atlantic World: a concept that focuses on the relationships between Atlantic nations and peoples, specifically the exchange of goods and ideas
      • Historians of science: historians who analyze the evolution of scientific thought
      • Intellectual history: a discipline that traces modes of thought
      • Woodcut: a relief printing technique in which an image is carved into a block of wood

4. Further information about the Nuremberg Chronicle by Hartmann Schedel: https://www.wdl.org/en/item/4108/

More information about, and examples of, fifteenth century woodcuts and their printers: https://www.loc.gov/exhibits/heavenlycraft/heavenly-15th.html

Information about Ptolemy and his Geography: https://maps.nls.uk/atlas/ptolemy/

5. Grafton states that universities in northern Europe emphasized theology whereas Italian institutions focused more on medicine and law (Grafton 23). In what ways do you think Italian woodcuts might differ from those of northern Europe?

Think about how a medieval scholastic might react to an encounter with peoples in the New World. In what ways could their reaction either resemble or differ from that of a humanist scholar?

Should the maps and texts produced during the fifteenth century be perceived in a positive or negative light? Grafton concludes “A Bound World” in a positive tone, stating that the Nuremberg Chronicle and the Margarita philosophica “provided European intellectuals… with a complex set of overlapping stencils, a rich and delicate set of patterns and contrivances” (Grafton 58). Do you agree with his assessment?

Interested in Model UN? There’s still time!

Due to the time conflict with the Pharrell Williams event, we know that many interested students were not able to attend the Model United Nations Informational meeting. No problem, you can still participate this semester! Please email Model UN President Emily Farmer at efarmer20@wooster.edu and she will get you information and signed up to participate.

As a reminder, this semester the team will be representing Kenya at the American Model United Nations held in Chicago right before Thanksgiving.  No previous experience is necessary and all students are welcome to participate!  The team will meet every Wednesday 5:30-6:30 this semester in preparation for the competition.

If you have any questions, also feel free to contact the Model UN Faculty Advisor Professor Kent Kille at kkille@wooster.edu. You can also connect with the MUN team through Instagram @woostermun and facebook.com/woomun.

Model UN Information Meeting

The Model United Nations informational meeting is this Wednesday August 28 at 5:30pm in Kauke 038.  This semester the team will be representing Kenya at the American Model United Nations held in Chicago right before Thanksgiving.  No previous experience is necessary and all students are welcome to participate!  The team will meet every Wednesday 5:30-6:30 this semester in preparation for the competition.

If you have any questions, feel free to contact the Model UN Faculty Advisor Professor Kent Kille at kkille@wooster.edu. You can also connect with us at Instagram @woostermun